Review



glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh  (TaKaRa)


Bioz Verified Symbol TaKaRa is a verified supplier
Bioz Manufacturer Symbol TaKaRa manufactures this product  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
  • 94

    Structured Review

    TaKaRa glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh
    Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gapdh, supplied by TaKaRa, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 33 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/qPCR+Human+Reference+cDNA%2C+Oligo(dT)-primed/pm40185258-175-11-14
    Average 94 stars, based on 33 article reviews
    glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Membrane:

    Article Title: A paradoxical reduction in susceptibility to colonic injury upon targeted transgenic ablation of goblet cells
    Article Snippet: .. The membrane was probed with a 32 P-labeled probe — either a 700-bp fragment of DT-A , an 800-bp fragment of 5′-end mITF , or human GAPDH cDNA (CLONTECH Laboratories Inc.) — by random priming, and then exposed at –80°C overnight. ..

    Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: Regulated expression and intracellular localization of cystatin F in human U937 cells.
    Article Snippet: Cystatin F is a cysteine peptidase inhibitor recently discovered in haematopoietic cells by cDNA cloning.. To further investigate the expression, distribution and properties of the native human inhibitor the promyeloid cell line U937 has been studied.. The cells expressed relatively large quantities of cystatin F, which was found both secreted and intracellularly.

    Amplification:

    Article Title: Regulated expression and intracellular localization of cystatin F in human U937 cells.
    Article Snippet: Cystatin F is a cysteine peptidase inhibitor recently discovered in haematopoietic cells by cDNA cloning.. To further investigate the expression, distribution and properties of the native human inhibitor the promyeloid cell line U937 has been studied.. The cells expressed relatively large quantities of cystatin F, which was found both secreted and intracellularly.

    Article Title: The effect of C-peptide on cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats.
    Article Snippet: .. A primer set for human GAPDH cDNA (Clontech) was used for amplification of internal control: 5 -ACCACAGTCCATGCCATCAC and 5 -TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA, which yielded a band of 452 bp. ..

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Accelerated fibrosis and collagen deposition develop in the renal interstitium of angiotensin type 2 receptor null mutant mice during ureteral obstruction.
    Article Snippet: .. Detection of a1(I) collagen mRNA expression in five-day obstructed kidneys Fifteen micrograms of total RNA extracted from kidney homogenates was used for Northern blot analysis probed with rat a1(I) cDNA [24] and human GAPDH cDNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA), the latter used as a control for RNA loading. .. The band of each specific mRNA was identified, and semiquantitated by an image analyzer (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).

    Northern Blot:

    Article Title: Accelerated fibrosis and collagen deposition develop in the renal interstitium of angiotensin type 2 receptor null mutant mice during ureteral obstruction.
    Article Snippet: .. Detection of a1(I) collagen mRNA expression in five-day obstructed kidneys Fifteen micrograms of total RNA extracted from kidney homogenates was used for Northern blot analysis probed with rat a1(I) cDNA [24] and human GAPDH cDNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA), the latter used as a control for RNA loading. .. The band of each specific mRNA was identified, and semiquantitated by an image analyzer (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).

    Article Title: DNA methyltransferase levels and altered CpG methylation in the total genome and in the GSTP1 gene in human glioma cells transfected with sense and antisense DNA methyltransferase cDNA
    Article Snippet: This study examines the efficacy of using plasmid expression vectors containing sense and antisense DNA MTase cDNA to both upand downregulate intracellular DNA MTase levels in human glioma cells.. The effects of the changes in MTase levels on global genomic DNA methylation and on the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in the GSTP1 gene were determined in a glioma cell line that overexpresses the GSTP1 gene.. In cells transfected with sense DNA MTase cDNA, MTase gene transcripts increased to a maximum of 2.5-fold at 24 h, while MTase activity increased to a maximum of 3.6-fold at 48 h. The effects of antisense MTase cDNA transfections were less pronounced, and levels of MTase gene transcripts and enzyme activity in transfectants were decreased to only, approximately, one-half the levels of controls.

    Control:

    Article Title: Accelerated fibrosis and collagen deposition develop in the renal interstitium of angiotensin type 2 receptor null mutant mice during ureteral obstruction.
    Article Snippet: .. Detection of a1(I) collagen mRNA expression in five-day obstructed kidneys Fifteen micrograms of total RNA extracted from kidney homogenates was used for Northern blot analysis probed with rat a1(I) cDNA [24] and human GAPDH cDNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA), the latter used as a control for RNA loading. .. The band of each specific mRNA was identified, and semiquantitated by an image analyzer (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).

    Article Title: The effect of C-peptide on cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats.
    Article Snippet: .. A primer set for human GAPDH cDNA (Clontech) was used for amplification of internal control: 5 -ACCACAGTCCATGCCATCAC and 5 -TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA, which yielded a band of 452 bp. ..

    Article Title: DNA methyltransferase levels and altered CpG methylation in the total genome and in the GSTP1 gene in human glioma cells transfected with sense and antisense DNA methyltransferase cDNA
    Article Snippet: This study examines the efficacy of using plasmid expression vectors containing sense and antisense DNA MTase cDNA to both upand downregulate intracellular DNA MTase levels in human glioma cells.. The effects of the changes in MTase levels on global genomic DNA methylation and on the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in the GSTP1 gene were determined in a glioma cell line that overexpresses the GSTP1 gene.. In cells transfected with sense DNA MTase cDNA, MTase gene transcripts increased to a maximum of 2.5-fold at 24 h, while MTase activity increased to a maximum of 3.6-fold at 48 h. The effects of antisense MTase cDNA transfections were less pronounced, and levels of MTase gene transcripts and enzyme activity in transfectants were decreased to only, approximately, one-half the levels of controls.



    Similar Products

    93
    Sino Biological human gapdh
    Human Gapdh, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/Human+GAPDH+Gene+ORF+cDNA+clone+expression+plasmid/pm32928548-70-23-28
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    human gapdh - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    94
    TaKaRa glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh
    Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gapdh, supplied by TaKaRa, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/qPCR+Human+Reference+cDNA%2C+Oligo(dT)-primed/pm40185258-175-11-14
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    OriGene gapdh cdna
    Figure 1. TERT elevates NADH and the NADH/NADþ ratio in cancer cells via upregulation of NAMPT and <t>GAPDH.</t> NADH (A), NADþ (B), and NADH/NADþ ratio (C) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. D, Schematic illustration of the link between TERT, FOXO1, NAMPT, GAPDH, NADH, and pyruvate flux to lactate in TERTþ cancer cells. NAM refers to nicotinamide; NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAMPT activity (E), GAPDH mRNA (F), and GAPDH activity (G) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Bars depict meanvalues and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.
    Gapdh Cdna, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/GAPDH+(NM_002046)+Human+Tagged+ORF+Clone/10__1158_slash_1078___0432__ccr___21___4418-68-24-26
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    gapdh cdna - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    93
    Sino Biological human pfkm gene orf cdna
    Figure 1. TERT elevates NADH and the NADH/NADþ ratio in cancer cells via upregulation of NAMPT and <t>GAPDH.</t> NADH (A), NADþ (B), and NADH/NADþ ratio (C) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. D, Schematic illustration of the link between TERT, FOXO1, NAMPT, GAPDH, NADH, and pyruvate flux to lactate in TERTþ cancer cells. NAM refers to nicotinamide; NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAMPT activity (E), GAPDH mRNA (F), and GAPDH activity (G) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Bars depict meanvalues and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.
    Human Pfkm Gene Orf Cdna, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/Human+GAPDH+Gene+ORF+cDNA+clone+expression+plasmid/pm31714070-194-6-20
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    human pfkm gene orf cdna - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    94
    Sino Biological human gapdh cdna orf
    Identification of <t>GAPDH</t> as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species
    Human Gapdh Cdna Orf, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/Human+GAPDH+Gene+ORF+cDNA+clone+expression+plasmid%2C+N-Flag+tag/pmc06642535-43-0-8
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    human gapdh cdna orf - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    94
    Sino Biological hg10094 nf beijing
    Identification of <t>GAPDH</t> as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species
    Hg10094 Nf Beijing, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/Human+GAPDH+Gene+ORF+cDNA+clone+expression+plasmid%2C+N-Flag+tag/pmc06642535-43-10-8
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    hg10094 nf beijing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    Biosearch Technologies Inc human specific gapdh cdna probes labelled quasar 570
    Identification of <t>GAPDH</t> as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species
    Human Specific Gapdh Cdna Probes Labelled Quasar 570, supplied by Biosearch Technologies Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/oligonucleotide+probes+recognizing+gapdh/pmc04648518-99-21-36
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    human specific gapdh cdna probes labelled quasar 570 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    Agilent technologies [α-32p]dctp-labeled cdna probe corresponding to a 600 nucleotide sequence of human gapdh
    Identification of <t>GAPDH</t> as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species
    [α 32p]Dctp Labeled Cdna Probe Corresponding To A 600 Nucleotide Sequence Of Human Gapdh, supplied by Agilent technologies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+gapdh+cdna/us08389484-541-57-59
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    [α-32p]dctp-labeled cdna probe corresponding to a 600 nucleotide sequence of human gapdh - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Figure 1. TERT elevates NADH and the NADH/NADþ ratio in cancer cells via upregulation of NAMPT and GAPDH. NADH (A), NADþ (B), and NADH/NADþ ratio (C) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. D, Schematic illustration of the link between TERT, FOXO1, NAMPT, GAPDH, NADH, and pyruvate flux to lactate in TERTþ cancer cells. NAM refers to nicotinamide; NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAMPT activity (E), GAPDH mRNA (F), and GAPDH activity (G) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Bars depict meanvalues and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Clinical Cancer Research

    Article Title: Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Reports on TERT Expression and Early Response to Therapy in Cancer

    doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4418

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. TERT elevates NADH and the NADH/NADþ ratio in cancer cells via upregulation of NAMPT and GAPDH. NADH (A), NADþ (B), and NADH/NADþ ratio (C) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. D, Schematic illustration of the link between TERT, FOXO1, NAMPT, GAPDH, NADH, and pyruvate flux to lactate in TERTþ cancer cells. NAM refers to nicotinamide; NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAMPT activity (E), GAPDH mRNA (F), and GAPDH activity (G) in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Bars depict meanvalues and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: ForNAMPT and GAPDH overexpression in TERT cells, cells were transfected with siTERT siRNA for 24 hours, washed, and transiently transfected with human NAMPT or GAPDH cDNA (Origene), and expression confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.

    Techniques: Activity Assay

    Figure 2. TERT acts via the FOXO1 transcription factor to upregulate NAMPT and GAPDH. A, Western blots for phosphorylated and total FOXO1 protein in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1), oligodendroglioma (BT88), melanoma (A375), neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. B, FOXO1 transcription factor activity in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Effect of expressing a constitutively active form of FOXO1 (CA-FOXO1) in TERTþ cells on NAMPT activity (C), GAPDH activity (D), NADH (E), and the NADH/NADþ ratio (F) in glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) models. Bars depict mean values and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Clinical Cancer Research

    Article Title: Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Reports on TERT Expression and Early Response to Therapy in Cancer

    doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4418

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. TERT acts via the FOXO1 transcription factor to upregulate NAMPT and GAPDH. A, Western blots for phosphorylated and total FOXO1 protein in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1), oligodendroglioma (BT88), melanoma (A375), neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. B, FOXO1 transcription factor activity in TERTþ and TERT glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Effect of expressing a constitutively active form of FOXO1 (CA-FOXO1) in TERTþ cells on NAMPT activity (C), GAPDH activity (D), NADH (E), and the NADH/NADþ ratio (F) in glioblastoma (GBM1, GBM6), oligodendroglioma (SF10417, BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) models. Bars depict mean values and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: ForNAMPT and GAPDH overexpression in TERT cells, cells were transfected with siTERT siRNA for 24 hours, washed, and transiently transfected with human NAMPT or GAPDH cDNA (Origene), and expression confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Activity Assay, Expressing

    Figure 3. [U-2H]-pyruvate can noninvasively monitor TERT expression in vivo. FOXO1 transcription factor activity (A), NAMPT activity (B), and GAPDH activity (C) in glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and gliosis biopsies. D, Representative 2H-MR spectra from TERTþ and TERT BT88 cells cultured in medium containing 10 mmol/L [U-2H]-pyruvate for 72 hours. A representative spectrum acquired from neat culture medium containing 10 mmol/L [U-2H]-pyruvate is also shown. Peaks for semiheavy water (HDO; 4.75 ppm), pyruvate (2.4 ppm), and lactate (1.3 ppm) are labeled. E, Effect of TERT silencing on 2H-lactate production from [U-2H]- pyruvate in glioblastoma (GBM1), oligodendroglioma (BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. F, Representative 2H-MR spectral array acquired from a saline-treated mouse bearing a subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumor following intravenous injection of [U-2H]-pyruvate. The first spectrum is acquired prior to [U-2H]-pyruvate injection. Inset shows an expansion of the spectrum with the highest lactate signal (second spectrum following [U-2H]-pyruvate injection). G, Concentration of 2H-lactate produced from [U-2H]-pyruvate at day 0 and day 7 in saline- and doxycycline (DOX)- treated mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumors. H, Tumor volume at day 0 and day 7 in saline- and doxycycline (DOX)-treated mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumors. Bars depict mean values and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Clinical Cancer Research

    Article Title: Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Reports on TERT Expression and Early Response to Therapy in Cancer

    doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4418

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. [U-2H]-pyruvate can noninvasively monitor TERT expression in vivo. FOXO1 transcription factor activity (A), NAMPT activity (B), and GAPDH activity (C) in glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and gliosis biopsies. D, Representative 2H-MR spectra from TERTþ and TERT BT88 cells cultured in medium containing 10 mmol/L [U-2H]-pyruvate for 72 hours. A representative spectrum acquired from neat culture medium containing 10 mmol/L [U-2H]-pyruvate is also shown. Peaks for semiheavy water (HDO; 4.75 ppm), pyruvate (2.4 ppm), and lactate (1.3 ppm) are labeled. E, Effect of TERT silencing on 2H-lactate production from [U-2H]- pyruvate in glioblastoma (GBM1), oligodendroglioma (BT88), melanoma (A375), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. F, Representative 2H-MR spectral array acquired from a saline-treated mouse bearing a subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumor following intravenous injection of [U-2H]-pyruvate. The first spectrum is acquired prior to [U-2H]-pyruvate injection. Inset shows an expansion of the spectrum with the highest lactate signal (second spectrum following [U-2H]-pyruvate injection). G, Concentration of 2H-lactate produced from [U-2H]-pyruvate at day 0 and day 7 in saline- and doxycycline (DOX)- treated mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumors. H, Tumor volume at day 0 and day 7 in saline- and doxycycline (DOX)-treated mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2dox-TERT tumors. Bars depict mean values and error bars represent SD. , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001; , P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: ForNAMPT and GAPDH overexpression in TERT cells, cells were transfected with siTERT siRNA for 24 hours, washed, and transiently transfected with human NAMPT or GAPDH cDNA (Origene), and expression confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.

    Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Labeling, Saline, Injection, Concentration Assay, Produced

    Identification of GAPDH as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species

    Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology

    Article Title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3-induced metabolic reprogramming is a vulnerable target of pancreatic cancer

    doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0769-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of GAPDH as a novel substrate of PRMT3. a Coomassie blue of GFP-purified protein complexes from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells. PRMT3-interacting proteins were pulled down and analyzed by mass spectrometric analysis. b The PRMT3-interacting metabolic enzymes identified in a previous study , and this study is shown and three common proteins are labeled by red color. c Cell lysates were collected from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to immunoprecipitation using the GFP and GAPDH antibodies followed by western blotting to detect GAPDH and GFP. d Left upper panel, GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated from GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of asymmetric dimethylated arginine (ADMA). Right upper panel, L3.6pl cells were treated with SGC707 (100 μM) for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated, followed by western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. Bottom lower panel, L3.6pl cells were transfected with PRMT3-targeting shRNAs for 48 h. GAPDH proteins were immunoprecipitated and subjected to western blotting to detect the level of ADMA. e GAPDH proteins were purified from GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells using GAPDH antibody, and the immunoprecipitated complexes were separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands corresponding to GAPDH were excised and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. f Alignment of the amino acid sequences around R248 of GAPDH protein in different species

    Article Snippet: Human GAPDH cDNA ORF Clone was purchased from Sino Biological (#HG10094-NF, Beijing, China).

    Techniques: Purification, Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Transfection, SDS Page

    PRMT3-mediated R248 methylation increases the catalytic activity of GAPDH. a Left panel, the GAPDH activity of GFP-PRMT3-overexpressng PANC-1 cells treated with or without specific PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707 (100 μM) was determined by GAPDH activity kit. Right panel, the GAPDH activity of Miapaca-2 cells with or without PRMT3-targeting shRNA was determined by GAPDH activity kit. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. b Flag-tagged wild-type GAPDH (WT) and R248K mutant expression vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells (left) and L3.6pl cells (right), respectively. After 48 h, the GAPDH activity was measured by ELISA assays and the expression levels of GAPDH were detected by western blotting. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. c HEK293T cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3, Flag-PRMT3, Flag-tagged GAPDH-WT, or R248K mutant expression vectors. After 48 h, the GAPDH activity was measured by ELISA assays and the levels of expressed proteins were detected by western blotting. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. d Flag-tagged wild-type GAPDH (WT) and R248K mutant expression vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells. After 48 h, the cells were treated with cycloheximide (10 μg/ml) and cellular proteins were harvested at the indicated time points. The levels of Flag-tagged GAPDH were investigated by western blotting, and actin was used as an internal control. e Cell lysates were extracted from the indicated stable cell lines and subjected to 10% native gel electrophoresis (left) and SDS-PAGE (right), respectively. Overexpression of PRMT3 significantly enhanced the tetramer formation of wild-type GAPDH proteins but not R248-mutant GAPDH proteins

    Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology

    Article Title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3-induced metabolic reprogramming is a vulnerable target of pancreatic cancer

    doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0769-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PRMT3-mediated R248 methylation increases the catalytic activity of GAPDH. a Left panel, the GAPDH activity of GFP-PRMT3-overexpressng PANC-1 cells treated with or without specific PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707 (100 μM) was determined by GAPDH activity kit. Right panel, the GAPDH activity of Miapaca-2 cells with or without PRMT3-targeting shRNA was determined by GAPDH activity kit. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. b Flag-tagged wild-type GAPDH (WT) and R248K mutant expression vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells (left) and L3.6pl cells (right), respectively. After 48 h, the GAPDH activity was measured by ELISA assays and the expression levels of GAPDH were detected by western blotting. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. c HEK293T cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3, Flag-PRMT3, Flag-tagged GAPDH-WT, or R248K mutant expression vectors. After 48 h, the GAPDH activity was measured by ELISA assays and the levels of expressed proteins were detected by western blotting. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. d Flag-tagged wild-type GAPDH (WT) and R248K mutant expression vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells. After 48 h, the cells were treated with cycloheximide (10 μg/ml) and cellular proteins were harvested at the indicated time points. The levels of Flag-tagged GAPDH were investigated by western blotting, and actin was used as an internal control. e Cell lysates were extracted from the indicated stable cell lines and subjected to 10% native gel electrophoresis (left) and SDS-PAGE (right), respectively. Overexpression of PRMT3 significantly enhanced the tetramer formation of wild-type GAPDH proteins but not R248-mutant GAPDH proteins

    Article Snippet: Human GAPDH cDNA ORF Clone was purchased from Sino Biological (#HG10094-NF, Beijing, China).

    Techniques: Methylation, Activity Assay, shRNA, Mutagenesis, Expressing, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control, Stable Transfection, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, SDS Page, Over Expression

    Methylation of GAPDH is important for PRMT3-induced metabolic reprogramming. a ECAR was measured with Seahorse XF24 Flux analyzer in GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells with or without SGC707 treatment. Basal ECAR measurement was measured in XF assay medium without glucose, following by the addition of glucose (10 mM), oligomycin (1 μM), and 2-DG (50 mM). Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of ECAR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. b OCR was measured in GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells with or without SGC707 treatment. Basal OCR was measured in the Seahorse XF24 Flux analyzer. Measurements were performed by injecting oligomycin (1 μM), FCCP (0.5 μM), and rotenone (2 μM). Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of OCR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. c ECAR was measured in PANC-1 cells with co-expression of GFP-, GFP-PRMT3, Flag-GAPDH-WT, or Flag-GAPDH-R248K mutant. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of ECAR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. d OCR was measured in PANC-1 cells with co-expression of GFP-, GFP-PRMT3, Flag-GAPDH-WT, or Flag-GAPDH-R248K mutant. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of OCR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

    Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology

    Article Title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3-induced metabolic reprogramming is a vulnerable target of pancreatic cancer

    doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0769-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Methylation of GAPDH is important for PRMT3-induced metabolic reprogramming. a ECAR was measured with Seahorse XF24 Flux analyzer in GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells with or without SGC707 treatment. Basal ECAR measurement was measured in XF assay medium without glucose, following by the addition of glucose (10 mM), oligomycin (1 μM), and 2-DG (50 mM). Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of ECAR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. b OCR was measured in GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-overexpressing PANC-1 cells with or without SGC707 treatment. Basal OCR was measured in the Seahorse XF24 Flux analyzer. Measurements were performed by injecting oligomycin (1 μM), FCCP (0.5 μM), and rotenone (2 μM). Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of OCR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. c ECAR was measured in PANC-1 cells with co-expression of GFP-, GFP-PRMT3, Flag-GAPDH-WT, or Flag-GAPDH-R248K mutant. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of ECAR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. d OCR was measured in PANC-1 cells with co-expression of GFP-, GFP-PRMT3, Flag-GAPDH-WT, or Flag-GAPDH-R248K mutant. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. Column statistics of OCR is shown in the right panel. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

    Article Snippet: Human GAPDH cDNA ORF Clone was purchased from Sino Biological (#HG10094-NF, Beijing, China).

    Techniques: Methylation, XF Assay, Expressing, Mutagenesis

    Overexpression of PRMT3 increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GAPDH blockage. a GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of GAPDH inhibitor, heptelidic acid, for 2 days, and the cell viability was investigated by MTT assay. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. b HPDE, PANC-1, and BxPC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of heptelidic acid for 2 days, and the viability was investigated by MTT assay. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. c BxPC3 and L3.6pl cells with high endogenous expression of PRMT3 were exposed to various concentrations of heptelidic acid (between 0.05 and 2 μM) and oligomycin (between 1 and 40 μg/ml) for 48 h, and the viability was investigated by MTT assay. Combination index (CI) values were determined using the CalcuSyn software (Biosoft). CI values < 1.0 indicated a synergistic cytotoxic effect, and the CI of heptelidic acid and oligomycin in BxPC3 and L3.6pl is 0.30768 and 0.50318, respectively. d GFP- and GFP-PRMT3 overexpressing PANC-1 cells (1 × 10 6 ) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of ASID mice. Tumor formation was monitored with digital calipers twice per week. Three weeks after injection, mice received PBS (control) and oligomycin (Oligo., 0.5 mg/kg) + heptelidic acid (H.A., 1 mg/kg) treatment. All of the mice received the drugs via tumor injection twice per week. One week after treatment, mice were sacrificed and tumor weight was measured. Error bars, SEM. n = 5. N.S., not significant. *** p < 0.001. e Apoptosis of tumor tissues was measured by TUNEL assay, and the images were captured by a fluorescence microscope (200× magnification). White arrows indicate TUNEL-positive cells. The percentage of cell death was determined by counting the number of TUNEL-positive cells in three independent fields. Quantitative result of TUNEL assay was analyzed. Data represented mean ± SEM. Obtained from 5 mice in each group. N.S., not significant. * p < 0.05

    Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology

    Article Title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3-induced metabolic reprogramming is a vulnerable target of pancreatic cancer

    doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0769-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of PRMT3 increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GAPDH blockage. a GFP- and GFP-PRMT3-ovexpressing PANC-1 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of GAPDH inhibitor, heptelidic acid, for 2 days, and the cell viability was investigated by MTT assay. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. b HPDE, PANC-1, and BxPC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of heptelidic acid for 2 days, and the viability was investigated by MTT assay. Error bars, SEM. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. N.S., not significant. c BxPC3 and L3.6pl cells with high endogenous expression of PRMT3 were exposed to various concentrations of heptelidic acid (between 0.05 and 2 μM) and oligomycin (between 1 and 40 μg/ml) for 48 h, and the viability was investigated by MTT assay. Combination index (CI) values were determined using the CalcuSyn software (Biosoft). CI values < 1.0 indicated a synergistic cytotoxic effect, and the CI of heptelidic acid and oligomycin in BxPC3 and L3.6pl is 0.30768 and 0.50318, respectively. d GFP- and GFP-PRMT3 overexpressing PANC-1 cells (1 × 10 6 ) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of ASID mice. Tumor formation was monitored with digital calipers twice per week. Three weeks after injection, mice received PBS (control) and oligomycin (Oligo., 0.5 mg/kg) + heptelidic acid (H.A., 1 mg/kg) treatment. All of the mice received the drugs via tumor injection twice per week. One week after treatment, mice were sacrificed and tumor weight was measured. Error bars, SEM. n = 5. N.S., not significant. *** p < 0.001. e Apoptosis of tumor tissues was measured by TUNEL assay, and the images were captured by a fluorescence microscope (200× magnification). White arrows indicate TUNEL-positive cells. The percentage of cell death was determined by counting the number of TUNEL-positive cells in three independent fields. Quantitative result of TUNEL assay was analyzed. Data represented mean ± SEM. Obtained from 5 mice in each group. N.S., not significant. * p < 0.05

    Article Snippet: Human GAPDH cDNA ORF Clone was purchased from Sino Biological (#HG10094-NF, Beijing, China).

    Techniques: Over Expression, MTT Assay, Expressing, Software, Injection, Control, TUNEL Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy

    Proposed model of PRMT3-mediated metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer cells. PRMT3 methylates GAPDH at arginine 248 to promote glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration simultaneously in cancer cells. Double blockade of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration could be a novel strategy for the treatment of PRMT3-overexpressing pancreatic cancer

    Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology

    Article Title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3-induced metabolic reprogramming is a vulnerable target of pancreatic cancer

    doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0769-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed model of PRMT3-mediated metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer cells. PRMT3 methylates GAPDH at arginine 248 to promote glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration simultaneously in cancer cells. Double blockade of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration could be a novel strategy for the treatment of PRMT3-overexpressing pancreatic cancer

    Article Snippet: Human GAPDH cDNA ORF Clone was purchased from Sino Biological (#HG10094-NF, Beijing, China).

    Techniques: